Diplomatic relations between Türkiye and Austria started 160 years after the establishment of the Ottoman Empire. Until the end of the Middle Ages, mutual ambassadors were sent for reasons such as declaration of war, peace treaty, territorial disputes, alliances, enthronement, weddings and funerals.

Despite the fact that Austria had a permanent diplomatic representation in Istanbul since the middle of the 16th century, the representation of the Ottoman Empire in Austria was limited to “ad hoc” ambassadors until the end of the 1700s. The first Permanent Ambassador İbrahim Afif Efendi arrived in Vienna in 1798.

The first (1529) and second (1683) siege of Vienna by the Ottoman Empire appear to have a long-standing effect on relations. Relations with mutual struggle turned into alliance in the First World War. Ottoman and Austrian soldiers fought together on the Galician front in the First World War. The alliance relationship was reinforced with the "Friendship Agreement" signed in 1924 between Türkiye and Austria.

Turkish community in Austria constitutes one of the most important elements in Turkish-Austrian relations. The Turkish community in Austria is composed of nearly 300.000 people.

President Erdoğan met his Austrian counterpart Alexander van der Bellen on 26 September 2018 and on 1 March 2022 in New York, on the margins of the General Assembly of the United Nations.

Austrian Foreign Minister Schallenberg attended the Antalya Diplomacy Forum held on 11-13 March 2022.

Foreign Minister Schallenberg and Interior Minister Gerhard Karner visited Türkiye on 3-4 July 2022. Previous Foreign Minister Çavuşoğlu paid a visit to Austria on 14 April 2023 and held bilateral meetings.

A bilateral meeting was held in Madrid between President Erdoğan and Chancellor Nehammer on 29 June 2022, on the margins of the NATO Leaders' Summit. After the Presidential elections held in Türkiye in May 2023, Chancellor Nehammer called and congratulated President Erdoğan.